KOWA YA BAR GIDA!
Binciken Al’adu, Tarihi da Gadonmu
KASHI NA BAKWAI
Akwai wuraren da tarihinsu ya wuce kasancewarsu wani yanki na ƙasa kawai. Su ne wuraren da ke ɗauke da tarihin samuwar al’umma, sana’o’in magabata, tsarin zamantakewa da bunƙasar tattalin arziki. Dutsen Dala, wanda yake cikin birnin Kano, yana daga cikin irin waɗannan wurare masu muhimmanci.
Dala yana da muhimmiyar alaƙa da tarihin tsohuwar Kano. Binciken masana ya nuna cewa yankin ya kasance wurin matsugunan mutane tun ƙarnuka da dama da suka gabata, kafin Kano ta bunƙasa zuwa babbar cibiyar siyasa da kasuwanci a ƙasar Hausa.
Amma fahimtar tarihin Dala na buƙatar a bambanta bayanan da aka samu ta hanyar binciken tarihi da kayan tarihi, rubuce-rubucen masana da kuma labaran gargajiya da aka gada daga tsara zuwa tsara.
A wannan fitowa ta KOWA YA BAR GIDA!, Alfijir Labarai ta binciki muhimmancin Dala a tarihin Kano, alaƙarsa da sana’ar ƙarfe, labaran Barbushe da Tsumburbura, da kuma buƙatar kare wannan gado domin tsararraki masu zuwa.
DALA DA FARKON TARIHIN KANO
A cewar takardar da Najeriya ta gabatar wa Cibiyar Tarihi ta Duniya ta UNESCO mai taken “Ancient Kano City Walls and Associated Sites”, Dutsen Dala wurin tarihi ne da ake dangantawa da tsohon matsuguni tun ƙarni na goma bayan haihuwar Annabi Isa (AS).
Takardar ta bayyana Dala a matsayin muhimmin wuri wajen fahimtar bunƙasar birnin Kano da ci gaban al’ummomin Hausawa a yankin savanna na Afirka ta Yamma.
Haka kuma, bayanin tarihin Kano da Gwamnatin Jihar Kano ta wallafa ya bayyana cewa tsohuwar Masarautar Kano ta ta’allaka ne a yankin Dala kafin kafa Sultanate ɗin Kano a shekara ta 1349.
Waɗannan bayanai suna nuna muhimmancin Dala wajen fahimtar farkon tarihin Kano. Sai dai ya kamata a tuna cewa samuwar birni yakan kasance sakamakon matakai daban-daban, ciki har da kafa matsugunai, hijirar mutane, bunƙasar sana’o’i da samuwar tsarin shugabanci.
Saboda haka, Dala ba kawai wurin da ake dangantawa da asalin Kano ba ne; yana kuma taimaka wa masana wajen nazarin yadda tsoffin al’ummomi suka rayu, suka yi sana’o’i, suka yi hulɗa da juna, sannan suka samar da tushen ci gaban birnin.
DALA DA TSOFFIN SANA’O’IN ƘARFE
Daya daga cikin muhimman abubuwan da suka fito a binciken tarihin Dala shi ne alaƙarsa da haƙar ma’adinin ƙarfe, narkar da shi da kuma sarrafa shi domin samar da kayan aiki.
A wata takarda mai taken “Dala Hill: Overview of Its Impact on Socio-Economic Development of Kano Emirate”, wadda Ifeoluwa O. Falola na Sashen Tarihi na Jami’ar Bayero, Kano, ya wallafa a shekarar 2021, an yi nazari kan gudummawar Dala ga bunƙasar tattalin arzikin Kano, ciki har da sana’ar narkar da ƙarfe, noma, kasuwanci da sauran ayyukan al’umma.
Wani rubutu da aka adana a ɗakin karatu na School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS), Jami’ar London, ya kuma kawo bayanan binciken tarihi da ke nuna cewa ana haƙar ma’adinin ƙarfe da narkar da shi a Dala tun ƙarni na bakwai bayan haihuwar Annabi Isa (AS).
Wannan yana nuni da cewa yankin yana da tsohon tarihi wajen sarrafa ƙarfe. Sai dai yana da muhimmanci a danganta takamaiman shekarun da aka ambata ga binciken da ya kawo su, maimakon ɗaukar su a matsayin cikakken bayanin duk tarihin sana’ar ƙarfe a yankin.
A tsoffin al’ummomi, ƙarfe yana da muhimmanci wajen kera kayan aikin noma da sauran kayayyakin amfanin yau da kullum. Ƙwarewar maƙera tana taimaka wa manoma da sauran masu sana’o’i, yayin da samun kayan aiki ke taimakawa wajen bunƙasa samar da abinci da kayayyakin kasuwanci.
Saboda haka, tarihin sana’ar ƙarfe a Dala wani muhimmin ɓangare ne na tarihin tattalin arzikin Kano. Yana nuna cewa bunƙasar tsohuwar al’umma ba ta dogara da siyasa da sarauta kawai ba; ƙwarewar masu sana’a da amfani da albarkatun ƙasa su ma suna taka muhimmiyar rawa.
BARBUSHE DA TSUMBURBURA: TARIHIN GARGAJIYA
Daga cikin labaran gargajiya da suka shahara a tarihin Dala akwai labarin Barbushe da Tsumburbura.
A wasu rubuce-rubucen tarihin Kano, an bayyana Barbushe a matsayin wani fitaccen shugaba na gargajiya da ake dangantawa da tsohuwar al’ummar Dala kafin samuwar daular Bagauda da kuma bunƙasar tsarin sarautar Kano.
Haka kuma, rubuce-rubucen sun danganta Barbushe da matsayin babban firist a al’adar bautar Tsumburbura, wadda ake dangantawa da wasu daga cikin tsoffin mazauna yankin kafin yaɗuwar Musulunci a Kano.
Waɗannan bayanai suna cikin tarihin gargajiya da rubuce-rubucen da suka tattara labaran magabata. Saboda haka, ya dace a gabatar da su a matsayin labaran da aka gada da kuma bayanan da wasu marubutan tarihi suka rubuta, ba tare da ɗaukar kowane ɓangare na labarin a matsayin tabbatacciyar hujjar tarihi kai tsaye ba.
Tarihin baka yana da muhimmanci saboda yana taimaka wa al’umma wajen adana tunaninta game da asalinta, shugabanninta da abubuwan da take ɗauka a matsayin muhimman abubuwan da suka faru a baya.
Amma aikin binciken tarihi shi ne tattara waɗannan labarai, rubuta su, kwatanta nau’o’insu da sauran majiyoyi, sannan a bayyana abin da aka tabbatar da abin da har yanzu yake buƙatar ƙarin bincike.
Ta wannan hanya ne za a iya kiyaye labaran magabata ba tare da gauraya al’ada da hujjar tarihi ba.
DALA DA BUNƘASAR TATTALIN ARZIKIN KANO
Tarihin Dala yana taimakawa wajen fahimtar yadda Kano ta bunƙasa daga tsoffin matsugunai zuwa birni mai muhimmanci a fannin siyasa da tattalin arziki.
Binciken masana ya danganta bunƙasar yankin da abubuwa da dama, ciki har da albarkatun ƙasa, sana’ar ƙarfe, noma, hijirar mutane da kasuwanci.
Yayin da al’umma ke bunƙasa, sana’o’i daban-daban sukan samu damar haɓaka. Ƙwarewar maƙera tana taimaka wa noma, noma yana samar da abinci da albarkatun da ake iya musayar su, yayin da kasuwanci ke haɗa masu samar da kayayyaki da masu buƙatarsu.
A tsawon lokaci, Kano ta zama muhimmiyar cibiyar kasuwanci a ƙasar Hausa. Takardar UNESCO ta bayyana tsohuwar ganuwar Kano, Dutsen Dala, Kasuwar Kurmi da Fadar Sarkin Kano a matsayin wuraren da ke taimakawa wajen fahimtar tarihin birnin.
Kasuwar Kurmi ta kasance muhimmiyar cibiyar musayar kayayyaki, ciki har da kayayyakin fata, masaku, ƙarfe da tagulla. Wannan yana nuna yadda sana’o’in hannu da kasuwanci suka taimaka wajen bunƙasar tattalin arzikin Kano.
Saboda haka, nazarin Dala yana da muhimmanci wajen haɗa sassan tarihin birnin. Yana taimaka mana fahimtar cewa ci gaban Kano ya samu ne ta hanyar hulɗar abubuwa da dama, ba wai sarauta ko siyasa kaɗai ba.
ƘALUBALEN KARE DALA A MATSAYIN WURIN TARIHI
Muhimmancin Dala a tarihi ya sa ake buƙatar kulawa ta musamman domin kiyaye shi ga tsararraki masu zuwa.
Wani bincike da aka wallafa a shekarar 2024 a mujallar Journal of Urban Development and Management, mai taken “Landscape Heritage Conservation: Toward Value-Based Planning and Management of Dala Hill, Kano, Nigeria”, ya yi nazari kan muhimmancin wurin da ƙalubalen kiyaye shi.
Binciken ya tattauna matsalolin da suka haɗa da zaizayar ƙasa, kutsen gine-gine da sauran ayyukan mutane da ka iya shafar yanayin wurin tarihi.
Waɗannan bayanai suna nuna cewa kare wurin tarihi ba ya tsaya ga bayyana muhimmancinsa a littattafai kawai. Ana buƙatar ingantaccen tsari da zai haɗa kiyaye muhalli, tsara gine-gine, kula da wurin da kuma shigar al’ummar da ke zaune a kewayensa.
Sai dai waɗannan bayanai sun shafi lokacin binciken da aka gudanar. Ba za a ɗauke su a matsayin cikakken rahoton halin da Dala yake ciki a yau ba sai an gudanar da sabon binciken fili.
Saboda haka, yana da muhimmanci hukumomin da abin ya shafa su samar da bayanai na yanzu game da yanayin wurin, matsalolin da ake fuskanta da matakan da ake ɗauka domin kare shi.
ME YA KAMATA A YI DOMIN KARE GADON?
Domin tabbatar da cewa Dala ya ci gaba da kasancewa muhimmin ɓangare na tarihin Kano, akwai matakai da ya kamata a ba su muhimmanci.
Na farko, a gudanar da sabon bincike domin tantance halin da wurin yake ciki da kuma gano wuraren da suka fi buƙatar kariya.
Na biyu, a ƙarfafa haɗin gwiwa tsakanin hukumomin kula da al’adu, masana tarihi, masu binciken muhalli, shugabannin gargajiya da mazauna yankin.
Na uku, a tattara tarihin baka daga dattawa da masu riƙe da tarihin gargajiya, sannan a rubuta shi tare da bayyana tushen kowane bayani da bambancin da ke tsakanin labaran da ake bayarwa.
Na huɗu, a ilmantar da matasa game da tarihin Dala da sauran wuraren tarihi na Kano, domin kiyaye gado yana buƙatar sanin muhimmancinsa da fahimtar yadda za a kare shi.
Na biyar, a binciki hanyoyin bunƙasa yawon buɗe ido na tarihi cikin tsari, ta yadda zai iya samar da dama ga al’umma tare da kiyaye muhalli da abubuwan tarihi.
Na shida, a riƙa wallafa bayanai kan ayyukan da ake yi na kiyaye wuraren tarihi, domin jama’a su san irin matakan da ake ɗauka da kuma inda ake buƙatar ƙarin kulawa.
Dutsen Dala yana daga cikin muhimman wuraren da ke taimakawa wajen fahimtar tarihin Kano. Muhimmancinsa ya haɗa da tsoffin matsugunai, sana’ar ƙarfe, tarihin gargajiya da bunƙasar tattalin arzikin al’ummar yankin.
Binciken masana ya nuna cewa Dala yana da muhimmiyar rawa a tarihin tsohuwar Kano, yayin da labaran gargajiya suka ƙara masa matsayi a cikin tunanin al’umma game da asalinta.
Amma alfahari da tarihi kaɗai bai isa ya kare gado ba. Ana buƙatar bincike mai inganci, rubuce-rubuce masu tushe, tsare-tsaren kiyaye muhalli da haɗin gwiwar al’umma da hukumomi.
Idan muka fahimci tarihinmu amma muka kasa kula da wuraren da ke ɗauke da shaidarsa, za mu iya rage damar da tsararraki masu zuwa za su samu na sanin inda suka fito.
Saboda haka, kare Dala ba wai kawai kiyaye wani wuri ba ne; hanya ce ta adana wani muhimmin ɓangare na tarihin Kano.
KOWA YA BAR GIDA! — Domin sanin asalinmu da kare gadonmu na taimaka mana fahimtar makomarmu.
MAJIYOYIN BINCIKE
1. UNESCO World Heritage Centre — Ancient Kano City Walls and Associated Sites.
https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5171/
2. Gwamnatin Jihar Kano — A Brief History of our City.
https://kanostate.gov.ng/history/
3. Falola, Ifeoluwa O. (2021) — “Dala Hill: Overview of Its Impact on Socio-Economic Development of Kano Emirate.” Journal of Humanities and Social Science Research, Vol. 19, No. 6.
4. “The Blacksmiths of Kano City: A Study in Tradition and Change.” School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS), Jami’ar London.
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/29100/1/10731195.pdf
5. “Landscape Heritage Conservation: Toward Value-Based Planning and Management of Dala Hill, Kano, Nigeria.” Journal of Urban Development and Management, 2024.
https://doi.org/10.56578/judm030205
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