KOWA YA TUNA BARA
JANAR ABACHA DA MAN FETUR DA GAS A NAJERIYA: MATATUN MAI, NLNG DA ƘOƘARIN AMFANI DA ALBARKATUN ƘASA — ME AKA FARA, ME AKA SAMU, KUMA ME YA KASA KAMMALUWA?
ALFIJIR LABARAI
Man fetur da iskar gas na daga cikin muhimman albarkatun ƙasa da suka daɗe suna samar wa Najeriya kuɗaɗen shiga. Sai dai, duk da dumbin arzikin da ƙasar take da shi, matsalolin matatun mai, ƙarancin samar da fetur a cikin gida da kuma dogaro da shigo da man fetur daga ƙasashen waje sun daɗe suna zama ƙalubale.
A wannan fitowa ta 16 ta shirin musamman na “KOWA YA TUNA BARA!”, Alfijir Labarai ya duba halin da matatun mai da harkar iskar gas suke ciki a lokacin gwamnatin Janar Sani Abacha. Binciken ya bambanta abin da aka gada, matakan da aka ɗauka a lokacin mulkinsa da kuma ayyukan da suka fara samar da kaya bayan rasuwarsa.
MATATUN MAI: ƘARAMAR SAMARWA DA MATSALOLIN GYARA
Rahoton Human Rights Watch mai taken The Price of Oil, wanda aka wallafa a Janairu 1999, ya ƙunshi bayanai masu muhimmanci game da matsalolin da suka addabi masana’antar man fetur ta Najeriya a ƙarshen shekarun 1990.
A cewar rahoton, a watan Yulin 1997, samar da fetur daga matatun man Najeriya bai kai lita miliyan biyar a rana ba, alhali ana kiyasta buƙatar cikin gida ta kai kusan lita miliyan 18 a rana.
Wannan bambanci ya nuna girman ƙalubalen da ƙasar take fuskanta wajen samar da isasshen fetur a cikin gida, da kuma dalilin da ya sa dogaro da shigo da man fetur daga ƙasashen waje ya ci gaba da zama babbar matsala.
A watan Disamban 1997, an rage yawan ɗanyen man da ake bai wa matatun zuwa ganga 150,000 a rana saboda matsalolin kayan aiki.
Wannan bayanin yana nuna cewa matsalar ba ta tsaya ga samun ɗanyen mai kaɗai ba. Gazawar kayan aiki da matsalolin gyara su ma sun taimaka wajen takaita samar da man fetur a cikin gida.
MATATAR KADUNA: AN YI ƘOƘARIN GYARA, AMMA BA TA KOMA AIKI BA
Matatar mai ta Kaduna na daga cikin wuraren da suka fuskanci matsalolin aiki a wannan lokaci.
Rahoton Human Rights Watch ya bayyana cewa an yi ƙoƙarin gyara matatar tare da sa hannun kamfanin Total. Duk da haka, har zuwa Nuwamba 1998, matatar ba ta dawo aiki ba.
Rahoton ya kuma ambaci saɓanin ƙididdiga game da kuɗin aikin gyaran. An ruwaito ƙiyasin kusan dala miliyan 240 a wani ɓangare, yayin da NNPC da ministan da abin ya shafa suka bayar da ƙiyasin dala miliyan 170.
Ya kamata a fahimci cewa waɗannan ƙididdiga bayanai ne da rahoton ya ruwaito game da aikin gyaran. Saɓanin ƙididdiga kaɗai ba ya tabbatar da cewa an aikata laifi ko an yi almundahana.
Abin da bayanan suka nuna shi ne an yi ƙoƙarin gyara matatar a lokacin, amma rahoton bai nuna cewa ta dawo aiki kafin ƙarshen gwamnatin Abacha ba.
MATATAR WARRI: MATSALAR NA’URAR SARAR DA MAN FETUR
Rahoton Human Rights Watch ya kuma bayyana cewa, a Nuwamba 1998, na’urar fluid catalytic cracker ta matatar Warri ta samu matsala.
Wannan na’ura tana taimakawa wajen sarrafa wasu nau’ikan ɗanyen mai domin samar da kayayyakin man fetur masu amfani, ciki har da abubuwan da ake amfani da su wajen samar da fetur.
A cewar rahoton, bayan wannan matsala, babu wata matatar mai a Najeriya da ke da irin wannan na’ura tana aiki a lokacin.
Haka kuma, a watan Satumban 1998, NNPC ta naɗa kamfanin Shell a matsayin mai ba da shawara kan fasaha game da gyaran rukunin matatar mai ta Port Harcourt.
Waɗannan bayanai sun nuna cewa an ɗauki matakan neman mafita, ciki har da neman taimakon ƙwararrun kamfanoni. Duk da haka, matsalolin aiki sun ci gaba da shafar samar da man fetur a cikin gida.
Saboda haka, bai dace a ce an farfaɗo da dukkan matatun mai gaba ɗaya a zamanin Abacha ba, domin bayanan da aka bincika ba su tabbatar da hakan ba.
NLNG: AN FARA GINI A ZAMANIN ABACHA, AMMA SAMARWA TA FARA BAYANSA
Wani muhimmin ɓangare na wannan bincike shi ne aikin Nigeria LNG Limited, wanda aka fi sani da NLNG.
An kafa kamfanin ne domin sarrafa iskar gas zuwa ruwan gas na LNG, wanda ake iya jigilarwa zuwa kasuwannin duniya.
Tarihin aikin da NLNG ta wallafa a shafinta na hukuma ya nuna cewa an kafa kamfanin a shekarar 1989, kafin Janar Sani Abacha ya hau mulki.
Sai dai, a watan Nuwamban 1995, aka yanke shawarar zuba jari wajen gina layukan samarwa guda biyu na farko. An fara aikin ginin a Fabrairu 1996, lokacin da Abacha yake mulki.
Wannan ya kasance muhimmin mataki a ci gaban aikin. Amma yana da muhimmanci a bambanta fara gini da fara samar da kaya.
Bayanan hukuma na NLNG sun nuna cewa layin samarwa na biyu, wato Train 2, ya fara samar da LNG a ranar 15 ga Satumban 1999. Layin farko, wato Train 1, kuma ya fara samarwa a ranar 27 ga Fabrairu 2000.
Duk waɗannan ranaku sun zo ne bayan rasuwar Abacha a Yunin 1998.
Saboda haka, abin da tarihin aikin ya tabbatar shi ne cewa an fara gina manyan sassan aikin NLNG a zamanin Abacha, amma samar da LNG bai fara ba sai bayan ƙarshen mulkinsa.
Wannan bambanci yana da muhimmanci wajen tantance tarihin aikin cikin adalci. Yana ba da damar bayyana matakan da aka ɗauka a lokacin Abacha, ba tare da jingina masa dukkan nasarorin da aka samu a shekaru na baya ba.
ZARGE-ZARGEN KWANGILOLI: A RARRABE ZARGI DA ABIN DA AKA TABBATAR
Rahoton Human Rights Watch ya kuma tattauna damuwa da zarge-zargen da suka shafi kwangilolin shigo da man fetur da ingancin wasu kayayyakin man fetur.
A aikin jarida, wajibi ne a gabatar da irin waɗannan bayanai cikin taka-tsantsan. Abin da rahoto ya bayyana a matsayin zargi ko damuwa ba ya zama tabbataccen laifi kai tsaye.
Dole ne a tantance irin wannan zargi bisa hujjojin da ake da su, kuma kada a tabbatar da laifin wani mutum ba tare da isasshiyar hujja ba, kamar hukuncin kotu da ya dace.
Saboda haka, wannan bincike bai jingina laifin cin hanci ko almundahana ga wani mutum bisa waɗannan zarge-zarge kaɗai ba.
Manufar binciken ita ce bayyana abin da madogara ta ruwaito, tare da bambanta zarge-zarge da bayanan da aka tabbatar.
ME ZA MU IYA KAMMALAWA?
Bayan nazarin bayanan da aka samu, abubuwa huɗu sun fito fili.
Na farko, matatun mai na Najeriya sun fuskanci manyan matsalolin samarwa da kayan aiki a ƙarshen shekarun 1990, ciki har da lokacin gwamnatin Abacha.
Na biyu, an yi ƙoƙarin gyara wasu matatun tare da neman taimakon ƙwararru. Amma bayanan da aka bincika ba su tabbatar da cewa dukkan matatun sun koma aiki yadda ya kamata kafin ƙarshen mulkinsa ba.
Na uku, aikin NLNG ya samu ci gaba mai muhimmanci a zamanin Abacha ta fuskar yanke shawarar zuba jari da fara gini. Sai dai samar da LNG ya fara ne bayan rasuwarsa.
Na huɗu, dole ne a gabatar da zarge-zargen da suka shafi kwangilolin man fetur bisa matsayin hujjar da aka samu, ba tare da mayar da zargi zuwa tabbataccen laifi ba.
A ƙarshe, tarihin man fetur da gas a zamanin Abacha ba labari ne na nasara gaba ɗaya ko gazawa gaba ɗaya ba. Bayanai sun nuna cewa an ɗauki wasu matakai kuma an fara wasu ayyuka, yayin da matsalolin matatun mai suka ci gaba, wasu muhimman ayyuka kuma suka kai ga fara samarwa bayan ƙarshen mulkinsa.
Abin da binciken tarihi mai adalci yake buƙata shi ne a bayyana abin da aka yi, a nuna abin da bai kammala ba, sannan a dogara da hujjoji wajen tantance sakamakon.
KOWA YA TUNA BARA!
ALFIJIR LABARAI — Gaskiya • Kan Lokaci • Amintacce
MADOGARORI
1. Human Rights Watch — The Price of Oil (Janairu 1999)
Rahoton ya yi bayani kan masana’antar man fetur ta Najeriya, matsalolin matatun mai, ƙarancin samar da fetur da sauran damuwar da ta shafi harkar mai a wannan lokaci.
Karanta rahoton Human Rights Watch�
2. Nigeria LNG Limited (NLNG) — Tarihin Ginin Masana’antar Samar da LNG
Wannan madogara ta hukuma ta bayyana tarihin kamfanin, matakin zuba jari, fara ginin layukan samarwa da ranakun da aka fara samar da LNG.
Karanta tarihin NLNG na hukuma�
3. Bureau of Public Enterprises (BPE) — Warri Refining and Petrochemicals Company Limited
Wannan shafin hukuma yana ba da bayanan tarihi game da kamfanin matatar mai ta Warri.
Karanta bayanan BPE kan matatar Warri�
An yi amfani da waɗannan madogara wajen nazarin bayanan matatun mai, ƙoƙarin gyaransu da tarihin aikin NLNG. An kuma bambanta bayanan tarihi da aka ruwaito da zarge-zargen da ba su zama tabbataccen hukuncin laifi ba.