KOWA YA TUNA BARA! — FITOWA TA 20
Bincike na Musamman daga Alfijir Labarai
Gabatarwa
Tarihin ƙasa ba ya cika idan aka rubuta abubuwan da aka cim ma kawai, aka bar ƙalubalen da aka fuskanta. Haka kuma, adalci ba ya samuwa idan aka mayar da tarihin shugaba baki ɗaya abin yabo ko abin zargi ba tare da tantance hujjoji ba.
A wannan fitowa ta ƙarshe ta shirin KOWA YA TUNA BARA!, Alfijir Labarai ya waiwayi batun kishin ƙasa a zamanin Janar Sani Abacha, rawar da Najeriya ta taka a wasu matsalolin tsaro na yankin Yammacin Afirka, da rasuwar Abacha a ranar 8 ga Yuni, 1998.
Manufar wannan bincike ita ce rarrabe abin da takardu suka tabbatar da abin da yake ra’ayi ko fassarar tarihi, domin masu karatu su samu damar tantance tarihin da kansu.
Kishin Ƙasa: Magana Da Aiki
Kishin ƙasa yana da alaƙa da kare muradun ƙasa, zaman lafiya, tsaro, martabar ƙasa da walwalar jama’a. Amma idan ana tantance tarihin shugaba, ba kalamansa ko manufarsa da ya bayyana kaɗai ake dubawa ba; ana kuma duba matakan da ya ɗauka, sakamakonsu da yadda suka shafi al’umma.
A zamanin Abacha, Najeriya ta ci gaba da taka muhimmiyar rawa a al’amuran siyasa da tsaro na yankin Yammacin Afirka. Ɗaya daga cikin misalan da za a iya tattaunawa a kai shi ne aikin rundunar ECOMOG a Saliyo.
Duk da haka, kasancewar shugaba ya taka rawa wajen kare muradun ƙasa ko taimaka wa wata ƙasa ba ya tabbatar da cewa dukkan manufofinsa na cikin gida sun dace. Haka kuma, tantance kura-kuransa bai kamata ya sa a yi watsi da gudummawar da takardu suka tabbatar ba.
Saboda haka, wannan bincike ba ya ɗaukar kishin ƙasa a matsayin hukunci da za a yanke ba tare da hujja ba. Yana amfani da takardun tarihi wajen bayyana ayyukan da aka tabbatar da su, sannan ya bar wa masu karatu damar yin nazari.
Najeriya Da Dawowar Shugabancin Dimokuraɗiyya A Saliyo
Ɗaya daga cikin muhimman abubuwan da suka faru a yankin Yammacin Afirka a shekarar 1998 shi ne komawar Shugaba Ahmad Tejan Kabbah zuwa Freetown, babban birnin Saliyo.
Bayan kifar da gwamnatinsa a juyin mulkin soji na shekarar 1997, rundunar ECOMOG, wadda ƙasashen ECOWAS suka kafa, ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen fatattakar gwamnatin mulkin sojan da ta karɓi iko.
A ranar 10 ga Maris, 1998, Shugaba Kabbah ya koma Freetown tare da halartar shugabannin yankin, ciki har da Janar Sani Abacha, wanda a lokacin yake shugaban Najeriya kuma shugaban ECOWAS. Rahoton Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ya bayyana wannan komawa a matsayin wani muhimmin mataki wajen maido da halastacciyar gwamnati da tsarin dimokuraɗiyya a Saliyo.
Wannan hujja tana nuna cewa Najeriya ta taka muhimmiyar rawa a wannan yunƙuri na yankin. Sai dai ECOMOG runduna ce ta haɗin gwiwar ƙasashe, don haka bai dace a danganta dukkan nasarar aikin ga mutum guda ko ƙasa guda ba.
Haka kuma, wannan gudummawar ba ta kawar da buƙatar tantance sauran manufofin gwamnatin Abacha ba. Tarihi yana buƙatar a rubuta nasarori da matsaloli tare, gwargwadon abin da hujjoji suka nuna.
Mulkin Cikin Gida Da Haƙƙin Jama’a
Duk da rawar da Najeriya ta taka a wasu ayyukan yankin, akwai wani muhimmin ɓangare na tarihin Abacha da ba za a iya kauce masa ba: yadda aka gudanar da mulki a cikin gida.
Rahoton Ma’aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka kan haƙƙin ɗan Adam a Najeriya na shekarar 1998 ya bayyana cewa a farkon rabin shekarar, gwamnatin Abacha ta aikata manyan take-take na haƙƙin ɗan Adam. Rahoton ya kuma bayyana takunkumin da aka sanya kan ‘yancin siyasa, taro da ƙungiyoyi, tare da matsin lamba kan ‘yan jarida da masu fafutukar kare haƙƙin jama’a.
Bayan rasuwar Abacha, Janar Abdulsalami Abubakar ya karɓi mulki, sannan gwamnatinsa ta fara wani sabon shirin miƙa mulki ga farar hula. Rahoton ya bayyana cewa an ɗauki matakai wajen rage wasu take-take da sassauta takunkumin da aka sanya wa ‘yan jarida da ƙungiyoyin jama’a.
Waɗannan bayanai suna da muhimmanci domin suna nuna cewa bai isa a tantance shugabanci ta fuskar martabar ƙasa a idon duniya kawai ba. Haka kuma, bai kamata a yi watsi da haƙƙin jama’a, ‘yancin faɗar albarkacin baki da damar zaɓar shugabanni ba.
Kishin ƙasa da kyakkyawan shugabanci suna buƙatar a kula da muradun ƙasa tare da mutunta haƙƙin al’ummarta.
Rasuwar Janar Sani Abacha
Hedikwatar Tsaron Najeriya ta tabbatar da cewa Janar Sani Abacha ya rasu yana kan aiki a ranar 8 ga Yuni, 1998.
Bayan rasuwarsa, Janar Abdulsalami Abubakar ya zama shugaban ƙasa a ranar 9 ga Yuni, 1998. Mulkinsa ya kasance lokacin da aka fara sabon shirin miƙa mulki ga farar hula, wanda ya kai ga rantsar da Olusegun Obasanjo a matsayin shugaban ƙasa a ranar 29 ga Mayu, 1999.
Game da dalilin rasuwar Abacha, rahotannin lokacin sun danganta rasuwarsa da matsalar zuciya. Sai dai wannan bincike ba ya gabatar da takamaiman dalilin a matsayin tabbataccen sakamakon binciken likitanci, domin ba a gabatar da cikakkiyar takardar likitanci ta hukuma da za ta tabbatar da hakan a cikin madogaran da aka yi amfani da su ba.
Abin da takardun hukuma suka tabbatar shi ne ranar rasuwarsa da kuma sauyin shugabancin da ya biyo baya.
Rasuwar Abacha ta zama wani babban sauyi a tarihin siyasar Najeriya, domin sabon shirin miƙa mulki da ya biyo baya ya kai ga dawowar gwamnatin farar hula a shekarar 1999.
Darussan Tarihin Abacha Ga Najeriya
Tarihin Abacha yana nuna muhimmancin tantance shugabanci ta fannoni daban-daban. Ana iya yaba wa gudummawar da aka tabbatar a ayyukan yankin, amma bai kamata a yi amfani da wannan wajen yin watsi da batun haƙƙin ɗan Adam ko damar jama’a ta zaɓar shugabanninsu ba.
Haka kuma, bai kamata a danganta kowane aiki da aka gudanar a zamaninsa da shi kai tsaye ba tare da bincika ranar fara aikin, tushen kuɗaɗensa, masu aiwatar da shi da takardun da suka tabbatar da rawar da gwamnatinsa ta taka ba.
Wannan shi ne muhimmin darasin da ya haɗa dukkan fitowar shirin KOWA YA TUNA BARA!: tarihin shugabanci yana buƙatar bincike, hujjoji, adalci da kuma rarrabe abin da aka tabbatar da abin da har yanzu ke buƙatar ƙarin bincike.
Kammalawa: Tarihi Ya Fi Yabo Ko Zargi
A wannan fitowa ta 20, Alfijir Labarai ya kammala jerin binciken KOWA YA TUNA BARA! ta hanyar duba batun kishin ƙasa, rawar Najeriya a yankin Yammacin Afirka da rasuwar Janar Sani Abacha.
Babban darasin da za a iya ɗauka shi ne cewa tarihin shugaba yana buƙatar gaskiya da adalci. Abubuwan da aka tabbatar na iya samun yabo, yayin da kura-kurai da take-take su ma suke buƙatar a rubuta su ba tare da ɓoye su ba.
Ba wai don tilasta wa kowa ya amince da ra’ayi guda ba ne aka gudanar da wannan bincike. Manufarsa ita ce gabatar da hujjoji domin al’umma ta yi tunani, ta yi nazari, sannan ta yanke nata hukunci.
Da wannan fitowa ta 20, Alfijir Labarai ya kammala jerin shirin KOWA YA TUNA BARA! tare da jaddada cewa tarihi mai amfani shi ne wanda aka rubuta bisa hujja, ba son rai ba.
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