KOWA YA TUNA BARA!
GENERAL SANI ABACHA: GAS, LNG DA PETROCHEMICALS — ƘOƘARIN ƘARA DARAJAR ALBARKATUN MAI DA GAS
Bincike na Musamman daga Alfijir Labarai
FITOWA TA 6
1. ME YA SA GAS YA ZAMA MUHIMMIN BATUN GWAMNATI?
A shekarun 1990, tattalin arzikin Najeriya ya kasance mai matuƙar dogaro da danyen mai.
A jawabin ranar 1 ga Oktoba 1997, General Sani Abacha ya bayyana cewa gwamnatin tasa tana son rage dogaro da fitar da danyen mai, tare da faɗaɗa tushen tattalin arzikin ƙasa.
A cikin jawabin, ya ambaci Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG), Escravos Gas Project, West African Gas Pipeline da ayyukan petrochemical a matsayin wasu daga cikin ayyukan gas-based da aka samu ci gaba a kansu.
Amma binciken Alfijir Labarai ya tsaya ne kan tambayoyi uku:
Me aka fara a lokacin?
Me aka ci gaba da shi?
Kuma wane sakamako ne ya bayyana bayan 1998?
2. NLNG: BA A KAFASHI A LOKACIN ABACHA BA
Wannan shi ne muhimmin gyaran tarihi.
Nigeria LNG Limited ba kamfani ne da gwamnatin Abacha ta kafa ba.
Bayanan hukuma na NLNG sun nuna cewa an kafa kamfanin ne a watan Mayun 1989.
Amma wani muhimmin mataki ya zo a lokacin gwamnatin Abacha.
A Nuwamba 1995, masu hannun jarin NLNG suka ɗauki Final Investment Decision (FID) na Trains 1 da 2.
A Fabrairu 1996 kuma aka fara aikin gina masana’antar.
Saboda haka, ba daidai ba ne a ce:
“Abacha ya kafa NLNG.”
Abin da takardun hukuma suka tabbatar shi ne:
An kafa NLNG tun 1989, amma an ɗauki babban matakin zuba jari na Trains 1 da 2 a 1995, sannan aka fara gina su a 1996, lokacin gwamnatin Abacha.
3. NLNG: AN FARA GINA SHI A 1996, AMMA SAMARWA TA ZO BAYAN 1998
Aikin Trains 1 da 2 ya fara ne a Fabrairu 1996.
A Satumba 1998 kuma aka kammala Gas Transmission System na farko.
Amma samar da LNG bai fara ba a lokacin gwamnatin Abacha.
Bayanan NLNG sun nuna cewa Train 2 ya fara samar da LNG a ranar 15 ga Satumba 1999, yayin da Train 1 ya fara aiki a Fabrairu 2000.
Fitar da cargo na farko na LNG ta kasance a Oktoba 1999.
Wannan yana ba mu babban darasi na tarihi:
An fara wani muhimmin matakin aikin a lokacin Abacha, amma sakamakon kasuwancin LNG ya bayyana ne bayan 1998.
4. ESCRAVOS GAS PROJECT: WANI MUHIMMIN MATAKI A 1997
A jawabin 1997, Abacha ya ambaci Escravos Gas Project a cikin ayyukan da gwamnati ta ce an samu ci gaba a kansu.
Bayanan tarihi na aikin sun nuna cewa mataki na farko na Escravos Gas Project ya fara sarrafa gas a Nuwamba 1997.
Matakin farko yana sarrafa kusan 165 million cubic feet na gas a rana, tare da fitar da Natural Gas Liquids (NGL) da condensate.
Wannan muhimmin abu ne saboda ya nuna cewa wani ɓangare na ƙoƙarin amfani da gas maimakon barinsa yana ƙonewa ya shiga matakin aiki a lokacin gwamnatin Abacha.
5. ME ESCRAVOS YA KAWO?
Aikin Escravos ya haɗa da tattarawa da sarrafa gas da ake samu tare da aikin hako mai.
Rahoton IMF ya bayyana cewa tun tsakiyar 1997 ana tattara gas daga samar da mai a Western Delta, ana sarrafa shi kusa da Escravos, sannan ana fitar da Natural Gas Liquids da condensates domin amfani da su a cikin gida da kuma fitarwa zuwa waje.
Wannan yana da muhimmanci saboda yana nuna ƙoƙarin mayar da gas daga abin da ake iya ƙonewa zuwa albarkatun da za su iya samar da ƙarin darajar tattalin arziki.
6. ELEME PETROCHEMICALS: AN KAFA SHI KAFIN ABACHA
A nan ma bincikenmu ya gano abin da ya kamata mu bayyana sarai.
Bureau of Public Enterprises ya ce Federal Government, ta hannun NNPC, ta kafa Eleme Petrochemicals Company Limited a 1991 domin aiwatar da Phase II na shirin petrochemical na Najeriya.
Amma an commission ɗin kamfanin a 1996, lokacin gwamnatin Abacha.
Saboda haka:
Ba za mu ce Abacha ya kafa Eleme Petrochemicals ba.
Abin da za mu ce shi ne:
An kafa EPCL tun 1991, amma an commission ɗinsa a 1996, lokacin gwamnatin Abacha.
7. ME AKA TSARA ELEME PETROCHEMICALS YA KERA?
Bayanan BPE sun bayyana cewa an tsara EPCL domin samar da petrochemical products daga Natural Gas Liquids da Propylene Rich Feed.
Daga cikin manyan kayayyakin da aka tsara samarwa akwai:
Polyethylene (PE)
Polypropylene (PP)
Waɗannan kayayyaki suna da amfani wajen samar da kayayyakin roba da ake amfani da su a masana’antu da rayuwar yau da kullum.
Saboda haka, manufar irin wannan masana’anta ita ce ƙara darajar albarkatun hydrocarbon ta hanyar mayar da su kayayyakin masana’antu, maimakon dogaro kawai da fitar da danyen mai.
8. WEST AFRICAN GAS PIPELINE: ABIN DA YA KAMATA MU RABA
A jawabin 1997, Abacha ya ambaci West African Gas Pipeline Project cikin ayyukan gas da gwamnati ta ce ana samun ci gaba a kansu.
Amma wannan ba yana nufin an kammala pipeline ɗin a lokacin gwamnatin Abacha ba.
Bayanan ECOWAS sun nuna cewa aikin ya bi matakai da dama bayan wannan lokacin, kuma babban aikin ginin pipeline ya fara ne a 2005.
Saboda haka, a wannan bincike za mu ɗauki West African Gas Pipeline a matsayin wani aikin da gwamnatin lokacin ta bayyana cewa ana samun ci gaba a kansa, ba a matsayin aikin da aka kammala a zamanin Abacha ba.
9. SHIN MASANA’ANTU SUN FARFAƊO?
A nan ne bayanan CBN suke ba mu damar ganin cikakken hoto.
Bayanan CBN sun nuna cewa manufacturing growth ya kasance:
1995: -5.5%
1996: 1.3%
1997: 0.4%
1998: -3.9%
Haka kuma, matsakaicin manufacturing capacity utilisation na 1996–1998 ya kasance 31.8%, yayin da manufacturing share of GDP a wannan lokacin ya kasance 6.3%.
Saboda haka, ba za mu ce:
“An farfaɗo da masana’antu gaba ɗaya a zamanin Abacha.”
Bayanan CBN ba su goyi bayan irin wannan cikakken iƙirari ba.
Abin da za mu iya cewa shi ne:
Akwai wasu manyan matakai a gas da petrochemical a wannan lokacin, amma manufacturing gaba ɗaya har yanzu yana fuskantar ƙarancin ci gaba da ƙarancin amfani da damar masana’antu.
10. ME YA SA WANNAN YAKE DA MUHIMMANCI?
Gas da petrochemicals suna da muhimmanci saboda suna iya taimakawa wajen:
ƙara darajar albarkatun cikin gida;
samar da kayan da masana’antu za su yi amfani da su;
rage ɓarnar gas ta hanyar flaring;
ƙara hanyoyin samun kuɗin shiga daga albarkatun ƙasa;
da ƙarfafa wasu sassan tattalin arziki.
Amma kasancewar an fara ko an kammala wani babban aikin gas ba yana nufin dukkan matsalolin masana’antu sun ƙare ba.
Bayanan CBN sun nuna cewa masana’antar Najeriya gaba ɗaya tana fuskantar ƙalubale a shekarun 1996–1998.
11. ABIN DA GWAMNATIN ABACHA TA CE A 1997
A jawabin Independence Day na 1997, Abacha ya bayyana manufar gwamnati ta matsar da tattalin arzikin Najeriya daga dogaro da fitar da samfur guda — danyen mai.
Ya danganta manufar da wasu gas-based projects, ciki har da:
Liquefied Natural Gas;
Escravos Gas Project;
West African Gas Pipeline;
da petrochemical projects.
Wannan shi ne bayanin gwamnatin lokacin.
Binciken Alfijir Labarai kuma ya duba bayanan NLNG, BPE, IMF da CBN domin bambance tsakanin abin da aka bayyana a matsayin manufa da abin da takardun tarihi suka nuna an aiwatar ko aka fara.
12. ABIN DA AKA FARA, DA ABIN DA YA ZO BAYAN 1998
Idan muka haɗa bayanan, tarihin ya bayyana kamar haka:
NLNG: an kafa shi 1989; FID na Trains 1 da 2 a 1995; an fara gini a 1996; samarwa ya fara 1999.
Escravos Gas Project: mataki na farko ya fara sarrafa gas a Nuwamba 1997.
Eleme Petrochemicals: an kafa shi 1991; an commission ɗinsa a 1996.
West African Gas Pipeline: gwamnatin Abacha ta ambace shi a 1997 a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin ayyukan gas da ake ci gaba da su, amma ba a kammala shi a zamaninsa ba.
Manufacturing: bayanan CBN sun nuna cewa ɓangaren masana’antu gaba ɗaya bai samu ci gaba mai ƙarfi ba a 1996–1997.
13. ABIN DA YA KAMATA MU TUNA
Fitowa ta 6 ta nuna cewa gas da petrochemicals sun kasance wani muhimmin bangare na manufofin gwamnatin Abacha na ƙoƙarin rage dogaro da danyen mai.
Amma tarihin bai fara da 1993 ba, kuma bai ƙare da 1998 ba.
NLNG an kafa shi tun 1989, amma an ɗauki FID na Trains 1 da 2 a 1995 kuma aka fara ginin su a 1996.
Escravos Gas Project ya shiga matakin sarrafa gas a 1997.
Eleme Petrochemicals an kafa shi tun 1991, amma an commission ɗinsa a 1996.
A gefe guda kuma, samar da LNG na kasuwanci ya fara ne bayan 1998, yayin da bayanan CBN suka nuna cewa manufacturing gaba ɗaya yana fuskantar matsaloli.
Saboda haka, mafi ingancin abin da za mu ce shi ne:
Gwamnatin Abacha ta kasance a wani muhimmin mataki na ci gaban manyan ayyukan gas da petrochemical a Najeriya, musamman wajen ɗaukar wasu matakan zuba jari da gina ababen more rayuwa; amma wasu ayyukan sun samo asali ne kafin mulkinta, yayin da wasu sakamakonsu suka bayyana bayan 1998.
KOWA YA TUNA BARA!
Tarihi ba wai abin da muke son tunawa kawai ba ne.
Tarihi shi ne abin da takardu, bayanai da hujjoji suka tabbatar.
A wannan Fitowa ta 6, Alfijir Labarai ta binciki gas, LNG da petrochemicals domin gano abin da aka fara, abin da aka ci gaba da shi, da abin da ya samu sakamako bayan gwamnatin Abacha.
Majiyoyi: Nigeria LNG Limited; Bureau of Public Enterprises; Central Bank of Nigeria; IMF; Archivi.ng; ECOWAS; da bayanan tarihi kan Escravos Gas Project.
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