KOWA YA TUNA BARA!
GENERAL SANI ABACHA: ABUBUWAN ALHERIN DA YA BAR WA NAJERIYA
Bincike na Musamman daga Alfijir Labarai
FITOWA TA 2
A Fitowa ta 1, mun duba wasu daga cikin muhimman abubuwan da suka shafi PTF, hanyoyi, ilimi, lafiya, ruwa, ƙirƙirar jihohi shida da Vision 2010.
A wannan Fitowa ta 2, za mu ci gaba da duba wasu manufofi da shirye-shiryen zamanin Abacha da suka shafi tattalin arziki, ajiyar kuɗin ƙasa, tallafawa iyalai, ƙananan sana’o’i da tsarin kuɗin gwamnati.
1. ƘARUWAR AJIYAR KUƊIN ƘASAR WAJE
Daya daga cikin muhimman bayanan tattalin arzikin Najeriya tsakanin 1995 zuwa 1997 shi ne ƙaruwa sosai a ajiyar kuɗin ƙasar waje.
Bayanan IMF sun nuna cewa gross official reserves sun tashi daga kusan dala biliyan 1.4 a 1994 zuwa dala biliyan 1.8 a 1995, sannan suka kai kusan dala biliyan 7.5 a ƙarshen 1997.
IMF ta danganta wannan ci gaba da ingantuwar matsayin kuɗin ƙasar, musamman ƙaruwar kuɗaɗen da Najeriya ta samu daga fitar da man fetur.
Wannan yana daga cikin muhimman abubuwan tattalin arzikin zamanin da ya kamata a sake dubawa bisa bayanan tarihi.
2. SAMUN RARAR KASAFIN KUƊI
Bayanan IMF sun nuna cewa matsayin kasafin kuɗin gwamnatin Najeriya ya inganta sosai tsakanin 1995 da 1997.
Bayan Najeriya ta samu gibin kasafin kuɗi mai yawa a 1994, gwamnatin ta samu rarar kasafin kuɗi na shekaru uku a jere tsakanin 1995 da 1997.
IMF ta danganta wannan da ƙarin kuɗaɗen shiga daga man fetur da sauran hanyoyin samun kuɗaɗen shiga, tare da takaita ƙaruwar wasu nau’o’in kashe-kashen gwamnati.
A shekarar 1997, IMF ta ƙiyasta rarar kasafin kuɗin gwamnatin tarayya da ta haɗa da sauran matakan gwamnati a kusan kashi 2.6 na GDP.
3. TSARIN CANJIN KUƊAƊEN WAJE DA “GUIDED DEREGULATION”
Gwamnatin Abacha ta yi sauye-sauye a tsarin canjin kuɗaɗen waje.
Daga cikin matakan akwai sake amfani da Autonomous Foreign Exchange Market (AFEM) da kuma tsarin da gwamnatin ta kira “guided deregulation”.
Manufar tsarin ita ce a ba kasuwa damar taka rawa wajen tantance wasu farashin tattalin arziki, yayin da gwamnati ke ci gaba da sanya wasu iyakoki da sa ido kan muhimman fannoni.
Wannan batu yana cikin manufofin tattalin arzikin da gwamnatin ta gabatar a tsakiyar shekarun 1990.
4. FAMILY SUPPORT PROGRAMME — FSP
Gwamnatin Abacha ta ƙaddamar da Family Support Programme a matsayin wani shiri da ya shafi inganta rayuwar iyalai.
Shirin ya mayar da hankali kan fannoni da suka haɗa da lafiya, ilimi, noma, mata, yara, matasa da samar da hanyoyin samun kuɗin shiga.
Muhimmancin shirin shi ne yadda ya mayar da hankali kan iyali a matsayin wani muhimmin ɓangare na ci gaban al’umma.
A wannan bincike, muna kallon FSP ne a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin shirye-shiryen zamanin da aka tsara domin tallafawa jin daɗin iyalai da al’ummomin da ke buƙatar taimako.
5. FAMILY ECONOMIC ADVANCEMENT PROGRAMME — FEAP
A ranar 12 ga Agusta 1997, gwamnatin Abacha ta kafa Family Economic Advancement Programme ta hanyar Decree No. 11 of 1997.
Dokar ta bayyana FEAP a matsayin shirin ƙarfafa masu samar da kayayyaki da ayyuka a cikin gida, masu sana’o’in cottage industries da masu son fara ko faɗaɗa ƙananan sana’o’i.
Shirin ya kuma tanadi tsarin bayar da rance ga waɗanda suka cancanta da kuma hanyoyin dawo da rancen.
Wannan ya nuna yunƙurin gwamnati na mayar da hankali kan ƙananan sana’o’i da samar da tattalin arziki daga matakin gida.
6. MANUFAR GYARA MATSALOLIN TSARIN KUƊI DA BANKUNA
Matsalolin tsarin kuɗi da bankuna na daga cikin batutuwan da gwamnatin Abacha ta sanya cikin manufofin kasafin kuɗi.
A cikin Budget of Consolidation na 1996, gwamnatin ta ware sashe na musamman kan “Resolving Financial Sector Distress”, tare da manufofi kan monetary and credit policy, exchange rate policy da capital market.
Takardar, wadda National Library of Nigeria ta adana, ta nuna cewa gwamnatin ta ɗauki batun matsalolin tsarin kuɗi a matsayin wani ɓangare na shirin gyaran tattalin arzikin ƙasa.
Wannan ya kamata a raba shi da ikirarin cewa an magance dukkan matsalolin bankunan ƙasar a lokacin; abin da za mu iya tabbatarwa shi ne cewa gwamnati ta sanya gyaran financial sector cikin manyan manufofinta.
7. NATIONAL ROLLING PLAN 1996–1998
A shekarar 1996, gwamnatin Abacha ta gabatar da National Rolling Plan na shekarun 1996–1998.
Takardar Budget of Consolidation da National Library of Nigeria ta adana ta ƙunshi wannan shiri tare da manufofi kan tattalin arziki, noma, masana’antu, haraji, kasuwanci, harkokin kuɗi, tashoshin jiragen ruwa, matasa, mata da sauran fannoni na ci gaban ƙasa.
Wannan yana nuna cewa gwamnatin ta yi ƙoƙarin tsara manufofin ƙasa bisa wani tsari na matsakaicin lokaci, ba wai ayyukan shekara guda kawai ba.
ABIN DA YA KAMATA MU TUNA
Idan aka duba bayanan tarihi, zamanin Abacha ya ƙunshi wasu manufofi da shirye-shirye da suka shafi tattalin arziki da jin daɗin jama’a.
Akwai ƙaruwa a ajiyar kuɗin ƙasar waje, an samu rarar kasafin kuɗi tsakanin 1995 da 1997, sannan aka kafa shirye-shirye kamar Family Support Programme da FEAP.
Haka kuma, gwamnatin ta sanya gyaran tsarin kuɗi, canjin kuɗaɗen waje da National Rolling Plan cikin manyan manufofinta.
Amma wannan ba shi ne ƙarshen binciken ba.
A Fitowa ta gaba, Alfijir Labarai za ta ci gaba da binciken sauran abubuwan da suka rage, tare da duba ayyukan da aka aiwatar da kuma abin da bayanan tarihi suka nuna.
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